Medical Marijuana Legalization Essay Example for Free

Medical Marijuana Legalization EssayAre at that place medicinal benefits of hemp? Could in that location really be more to the plundernabis comprise than getting high? Yes, the cannabis (scientific name for marihuana) plant does in fact have medical engagements, and there is much more to this extraordinary plant than consuming it to experience its psychoactive effects. However, most Americans are unaware of the cave in day medicinal applications of cannabis. From migraines to multiple sclerosis, cannabis can help. The cannabis plant is grown naturally and contains no added chemicals, making it ideal. In modern medicine, the cannabis plant has many medical uses.Cannabis was legal to consume in the United States up until 1937, when the marihuana tax act of 1937 made possession or bump off of cannabis illegal throughout the United States under federal law, excluding medical and industrial uses. The American Medical Association was not in favor of this legislation. in fro nt this law was passed, ganja was legal and quite popular in the United States. Martin Booth explains in his book Cannabis A History, that In the 1880s hash parlors were very popular in America and it was estimated that their were around five hundred of these parlors in unseasoned York at the time.From 1850-1942 cannabis was listed in the U. S Pharmacopoeia as a useful medicine for nausea, rheumatism, and labor pains it was also easily obtained at the local general store or pharmacy. More than 20 prescription medicines containing marijuana were sold in U. S. pharmacies at the turn of the 20th century, and marijuana-based medications were commonly available until cannabis was taken out of the U. S. Pharmacopeia in 1942. Then in 1970, the countrywide Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, categorise marijuana as a Schedule I drug.According to this act a muniment I drug means three things the drug has high potential for abuse, the drug has no currently accepted medical u se in the U. S, and there is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug under medical supervision. Other schedule I drugs include heroin, LSD, peyote, MDMA (ecstasy), and mescaline. The once medicinally valued cannabis plant is today classified with drugs in which have completely different and much more harmful effects.Marijuana cannot be classified with the other schedule I narcotics because it can be beneficial to many people with a number of different diseases or health problems. Marijuana can cure migraines, Doctors in California report they have cured over 300,000 cases of migraines with medical marijuana (medicalinsurance. org marijuana-health-facts). The American Association for Cancer Research has found that marijuana actually works to slow down tumor growth in the lungs, breasts, and brain considerably.Studies also suggest that use of medical marijuana helps lower intraocular constrict in the eyes of glaucoma patients (glaucoma. org / treatment/should-you-be-smoking-ma rijuana-to-treat-your-glaucoma-1. php). Marijuana is also a muscle relaxer that has antispasmodic qualities that have proven to be a very effective treatment for seizures (nimh. nih. gov). Marijuana works to stop the neurological effects and muscle spasms that come from multiple sclerosis by protecting nerves from the damage caused by the shameful disease (multiple-sclerosis. emedtv. com).Marijuana is so beneficial that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) actually used part of the plant. The main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana is tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC for short. The FDA isolated a single molecule cannabinoid pharmaceutical it was called Marinol and was used for treatment of nausea and vomiting in cancer chemotherapy patients who did not serve to conventional antiemetic treatments, according to the article Medicinal use of cannabis in the United States Historical perspectives, current trends, and future directions.From the same article the doctors gibber about anot her medication with similar effects of marijuana, except this one is a synthetic molecule shaped similarly to THC. ) Its called Nabilone and has been approved since 1985 for use with nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy in cancer patients. As of 2011 there are currently sixteen states and Washington D. C. that support medical marijuana. The sixteen states include Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Delaware, Hawaii, Maine, Michigan, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Washington.Our federal government on the other hand, does not agree with these state laws and continues to prosecute medical marijuana users because it remains illegal under federal law. The medicinal uses of the cannabis plant have been around since our country was founded, yet in present time, marijuana presents no k todayn medicinal value. The cosmos father of our nation George Washington, said, Make the most of the Indian hemp seed, and sow it everywhere It has been used in America since our country was founded, but as of now our country cannot come to terms of agreement regarding the cannabis plant. Marijuana can be used to treat or relieve symptoms of many diseases and discomforts, but for now its still illegal and preventing many Americans from getting their medicine. Marijuana has many uses but our federal government cannot see that or chooses not to believe it, regardless, it is still a very applicable medicine. Medical marijuana is used in other countries including our neighbor up north, Canada.So, why is it still illegal in America? If marijuana were to be legalized in the United States for medical purposes, our country would greatly benefit. Marijuana is one the purest most natural substances known to many yet it is referred to as a drug, however over fifty percent of Americans think that medical marijuana should be legalized. Sometime in the near future our country will recognize all the medical benefits of this magnificent pl ant, but until then it is still a federal crime to use and possess.

Overfishing and it Effects to the Environment Essay Example for Free

Overfishing and it Effects to the Environment EssayFor the last 10 years, the world had been aw ar of the various changes which had been occurring within our environment. It is known to us that the actions which our ancestors had done in the past control now caused us many problems such(prenominal) as global disasters that could sincerely ruin the future of the next generation. In the so fart of the problem of climate change (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005), various things had come up such as pollution of the air and various water resources. Due to this, disparate aspect of the environment is deeply affected and sometimes devastated because of the scenarios present.For many people who live in a place where in fishing is their main industry, it is at a time declared that their primary source of income is directly affected by the harsh conditions of the changing weather brought by climate change. Although it is true the climate change is change the waters which is one of the main source of our resources, it could not be hidden that the individuals who are directly involved in the industry are overly to be blamed to the catastrophe in the water industry. In the waters, one of the main problems which are faced by the industries is the lessening of the fishes in the see.One of the main culprits of this know is the everywhere fishing of various fishermen who are connected to the huge companies. Over fishing had been a main concern for various non-governmental organizations such that of the Green Peace. It was verbalize by the respectful environmental group that over-exploitation and mismanagement of fisheries has already led to some spectacular fisheries collapses. The cod fishery off Newfoundland, Canada collapsed in 1992, leading to the discharge of some 40,000 jobs in the industry. The cod stocks in the North Sea and Baltic Sea are now heading the same way and are abutting to complete collapse (Green Peace, 2008).Even before human beings ha ve discovered new technologies, it is known that fishes are the main source of food for many. Based on various historical books such as the Bible, fish was the main commodity for the people in graze for them to eat. As years gone(a) by, much and more people are inclined to get more fish in order for them to gain income to provide their families. Various innovations and technological advancements were also used to join on the number of catch payable to the increasing number of demand for fish.Based on the studies made by the Green Peace and their team of scientists it was stated that overfishing truly is causing a grave danger for the marine life and diversity of our oceans. Most of the fishermen who have the capacity to catch enough fish are those that give nets which are not suited to legally catch fish. Many of the fishermen use nets which has smaller holes which do not allow the smaller fishes to escape. This type of scenario happens most of the time, because the young fis hes were not given a chance to grow and be mature enough to be caught.Through the Young Peoples swear for the Environment, types of events happen due to commercial fishing. There are various techniques that are done by fishermen in order for them to capture various kinds of fishes. There are fishes which are called oceanic meaning they live within the upper parts of the water making them the most accessible fishes to be caught by fishing nets which are connected to the coarse ships that fishermen use. It is stated that, net suspended from floats is stretched between two boats so that fish swim into it.Fish are unable to swim backwards, so once they are caught in the net, at that place is no escape unless they are small enough to fit through the nets mesh (Young Peoples Trust for the Environment, 2008). Other fishes that are in the deeper level of the sea are caught differently. There is also a big net placed beneath the boat which and then gets everything that it captures alon g the way. The marine resources that I catch were not only fish but also the coral reefs, the schools and other organisms which are not supposed to be captured during the act of fishing.Such action is not only disastrous for the young fishes but also the organisms within the environment because they are also being displaced and even killed when at that place are commercial ships around. (n. p. ) In order to mitigate the problem of over fishing different agencies have created ways in order for them to uprighty destabilize the problem which is being caused by over fishing. One of the main agencies are the United Nations in which launched various types of programs and amendments to protect the marine resources all over the world as well as protect the marine resources that our world currently have.In 1995, an article was written about the treaty in which was proposed under the United Nations which addresses the problem in over fishing. It states that the treaty should be approved by 185 countries which then be ratified by 30 countries in order for the treaty to be fully taken into place. In addition, another program which had been under the United Nations is the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement (Government of Canada, 2006). However, Green Peace and terra firma Wildlife Fund had expressed that this treaty would not directly answer the problems of over fishing.In fact, Matthew Gianni had stated that there is a great possibility that yearly there volition be new innovations of boats which will be able to detect fish which then result to much more damage to our marine resources (Crossette, 1995). With such article, it directly states that these international organizations does not trust that a plain agreement with various countries thus they suggests more than just an agreement but a full arrangement and limitation of the types of vessels which should be reasonable to be able to catch enough fish.In addition, fishes which will be caught will be enough in siz e and maturity which will then leave the small fishes to be fully grown and create another generation of fishes. The World Wildlife Fund have done their own actions in order for help create a sustainable fishing for the future generation. They have noted various types of steps in which they called Fisheries Partnership Agreements which listed these various general actions to fully attain sustainable fishing respect sustainable fishing levels account for environmental costs protect topical anesthetic fishers include compliance with flag state laws are based on best practice fisheries management include cooperation on research and monitoring chink adequate monitoring and enforcement capacity ensure fairer sharing of economic benefits between producer and extractor nations (World Wildlife Fund, 2008) In conclusion, many of our worlds resources had now been gone and are still being abused by various types of industries due to the demand of resources the global economy has.But th en, we should remember that we must learn how to observe our natural resources so that there would not be scarce resources for the future. Like the World Wildlife Fund and the Green Peace have stated, it is not enough the there will be treaties and agreements under these types of issues. It is still important that the mitigation process should be continuously checked in order to incur changes for the environment, the amount of resources as well as to secure the lives of the future generation.The continuous efforts of the international community, through the help of various countries as well as the international organization will lead to a prosperous and much more peaceful fellowship with one another. On the other hand, the issue of climate change must also be resolved for the reason that it also affects the issue regarding overfishing and lessening of the resources available for various marine industries. Although there are issues like this, it should be taken into look that the r esponsibility is not only through organizations but also through an individualistic perspective.

Transaction Processing Systems

deed Processing SystemsThe master(prenominal) information clays utilise for operational support in a business atomic number 18 transaction bear oning systems. This type of system processes selective information about transactions, which ar events that have occurred that affect the business, such as the sales event or purchase of goods.A transaction bear on system has 3 main purposes keep records about the state of an organization, process transactions that affect these records, and produce yields that report on transactions that have occurred. For example, an stock-take control system tracks records about inventory, processes sales and purchases of inventory, and produces reports about the amount and value of items on hand, on suppose, and so onTransaction processing systems exist in all areas of an organization, and in all types of organizations. TPSs female genital organ be used by employees (order entry) or customers (bank ATMs). They can use dissimilar types of har dware, software, and networks. TPSs use stored data in both files and databases, and many types of programs.TPS structureThe structure of a TPS generally consists of a user or other TPS that interacts with TPS software, and stored data used by the TPS. Users of the system are typically personnel who work with business transactions, such as salespeople. Input data comes from users and other TPS. Output includes data abide to other TPSs, screens, and reports.TPS functionsLike other information systems, TPSs perform four main functions input, processing, make, and data storage. The input function accepts data for processing from outside the system. The processing output transforms the data in nigh mood. The output function makes the processing results available outside the system. The storage function stores the data for use.Before transaction data can be brought into a TPS, it must be acquired from its source. This step is called data capture. The receiving report is an example of a source document that is used to perform data entry. selective information entry means using a screen similar to the one in this figure to enter data. Once the data is entered, a program checks it for errors, a process called data validation. For example, inventory receiving data might be checked to ensure that all number entries are numeric that the item is known to the system, and that quantities are in acceptable ranges.Much output from a TPS is in the form of reports. Several types of reports are commonly produced by TPSs. A detailed report disputations expatiate about transactions, such as inventory movement. A summary report summarizes data at various levels. Exception reports indicate data that are exceptions to near condition or standard.Data in a TPS is stored to data files and databases. Two types of stored data are commonly found in TPSs transaction and senior pilot data. stamp down data is the main data used by the TPS. Master data is usually permanent data that remains in the system as dogged as the system is in use. For example, an inventory system would have an inventory master file with one record for each item in inventory. Transaction data is data about transactions that have occurred. Transaction data usually remains with the system only until the transactions are processed. The transaction data is then replaced with other transaction data for new transactions. For example, in the inventory control system, a transaction file would contain data about inventory transactions. That data would be used to update the inventory master file. Once the update was complete, the transaction file would be cleared and a new list of transactions would be started.After the data is created, the TPS can retrieve data from the file or database, a process called accessing the data. The data is accessed to produce reports, update master files, and other purposes. Sometimes, before a TPS can access data, it must be arranged in an order that is useful to the system, a process called sorting. For example, the inventory system may produce a report of the 5 most expensive items. The item list should then be sorted in descending order of cost.The data put into a file or database when it is created will become obsolete over time. The TPS must update the data periodically to keep it current. modify can involve adding new data, changing current data, and deleting old data. Transaction data is used to update master data.Processing involves manipulating data within the system. unrivaled function that just involves data processing and not any of the other functions is computation, such as calculating details and totals. Another processing function is finish making, or checking for conditions and acting on them.TPS ControlsTPSs must have procedures to ensure the completeness of the data processing, and to minimize the chance of errors. In general, these procedures are called controls. Many types of controls are used, including control total s, inspect trails, and backup and recovery procedures.All data in a TPS may not be processed for various reasons, including hardware and software harms, and human error. matchless way that a TPS checks that all data is processed is through control totals. A control total is a number that is computed when data enters a system, and once more after the system has processed the data. For example, in the inventory control system, a number reflecting an initial count of receiving reports to be entered would be entered into the system. After the receiving reports are entered, a count of the documents entered would be produced. There are also other types of control totals. Document counts are only one type.An audit trail is a way of tracing the effect of data through a system. A good audit trail is one in which someone can start with the output and go back through the system to the source document and vice versa. For example, the inventory receiving system could produce a report of all i tem counts. This could be used to trace each item received back to its receiving report source document.Computer systems sometimes fail, causing a loss of corruption of data. The failure may be caused by a malfunction in the hardware or software, or because of something outside the system, such as a lightning strike. The main way of ensuring against loss of data is to use a backup procedure. This means copying important data and programs to a portable media and moving it somewhere away from the main computing site. Important files and databases are usually backed up daily or weekly.The backup of the stored data can be copied back to the system, a process known are restoring the data. If a system fails, recovery procedures tell the computer professionals how to use the backups to recover from a crash.Modes of Data ProcessingData in a TPS can be processed using two basic approaches cud and online processing. A TPS may use both online and batch processing. In batch processing, data fo r all transactions to be processed are prepared in form understandable to the computer before actual processing begins. Then the batch of data is processed by the computer, and the resulting output is received in a batch. An example of batch processing is overnight payroll check processing and printing.With online processing, or OLTP, a person uses a screen and keyboard or I/O device connected to the computer at the time the processing is done. Each stiff of data for a transaction is entered directly into the computer. The data is processed, and the output is received before the next input data is entered. Online processing may also be called interactive processing. An example of online processing is an airline reservation system.The term real-time may also be used to indicate online processing. Real-time means the processing is performed immediately after the data is entered. This description is not quite accurate for online processing. If there are many users of an online system, processing may not begin for some time after the input is received. The amount of time depends on the hardware, software, and number of users. One example of a real-time system is a manufacturing monitoring system. If cars are being manufactured and theres a problem with the computerized assembly line, the system alerts operators immediately.

Case The Coffee Shop Market Starbucks Marketing Essay

Case The Coffee Shop Market Starbucks Marketing EssayStarbucks Corporation is an international chocolate berryho physical exertion chain, founded in 1971 in Seattle, Washington. Starbucks serves a variety of beverages including brewed coffee, afternoon tea, hot chocolate, espresso and a selection of bottled drinks. Starbucks too sells whole bean coffee and a variety of ready-to-eat snacks. The first Starbucks location to open external of North America was in Tokyo in 1996 and from then on Starbucks became an international blade, expanding both nationally and globally.This report will attempt to examine the piazza of Starbucks in japan. It will bring out the marketing scheme to be adopted for a rise in profitability of Starbucks Japan in the following two years. In addition, it will attempt to explain the use of marketing mix to aid the chosen strategy.SWOT ANALYSIS1.1 STRENGTHS1.1.1 Strong brand find outStarbucks brand name, property customer service and store ambience arg on its hear strengths. It has maintained its international operations to ensure consumer recognition. Starbucks is renowned for its high quality products and has maintained a consistently positive consumer run through that has helped Starbucks build a strong brand understand. Starbucks spends less than 1% of revenue on advertising and upgradeance each year which indicates they rely on an established ships company image (P. Ghauri, International marketing case study Starbucks-Going Global Fast). Starbucks key competitor in Japan-Doutor coffee, had mobn advantage of Starbucks brand image and copied its logo, while replicating the experience rendered to customers in its retail outlets. (Ono, 2003). This shows that the Starbucks image is a strength worth copyking. With a well-established brand image in America, it was sure to expect recognition in the Japanese market, because the consumers there have a fondness for everything western. (http//azjatycka.wordpress.com/2009/11/05/in ternational-marketing-strategy-of-starbucks-in-japan-success-or-a-failure/)1.1.2 Commitment to communityStarbucks contributes a right smart amount of its resources to corporate social responsibility programs (Kotabe Helsen, 2004). According to plainlyler (2006)-CSR programs influence 70% of all consumer purchasing decisions, with many investors and employees also existence swayed in their election of companies. As a result, Starbucks involvement in the CSR programs helps its competitiveness in the business world.1.1.3 Widespread Presence in International MarketsStarbucks has ventured into foreign markets with astonishing pace first step its outlets in 40 countries with 2068 stores worldwide. This widespread expansion has allowed its front man to be felt across the globe.1.1.4 Retail outlets present at convenient and accessible locationsStarbucks has opened a recite of coffee shops at convenient locations like shopping malls, libraries, university campuses, office buildings e tc. They atomic number 18 typically located in high traffic, high visibility locations.(Starbucks annual report, 2008)1.1.5 Presence of a variety of food items Beverages in addition to CoffeeStarbucks stores offer a choice of regular and decaffeinated coffee beverages, a free selection of Italian-style espresso beverages, cold blended beverages, iced shaken refreshment beverages and a selection of premium teas. Starbucks stores also offer a variety of fresh food items, including healthier choice selections revolve aboutsing on high-quality ingredients, nutritional value and great flavour.1.1.6 Well Developed Corporate Strategy and Good Marketing skills.Weaknesses1.2.1 Lack of internal focusStarbucks focuses too much on over-expansion, at times tending to ignore the problems arising withinconsistent employer dissatisfaction.The number of competitors at that place be an ever increasing number of competitors that either mimic the Starbucks concept or try to get on par with its gr owth by providing the same situation of products at a lesser damage.Examples Dotour Coffee, Tullys Japan, Mac Donalds.Self- cannibalisationThe strategy of over expansion has resulted in stores opened very close to each other, thus eating into the others sales.Product PricingStarbucks perceives itself as a premium gourmet coffee brand and hatefuls its price on the quality of its beverages and in-store customer experience. Unfortunately, many competitors while offering a similar type of environment and lesser priced beverages atomic number 18 eating into Starbucks market sh ar.1.3 OpportunitiesFlexible TastesJapanese consumers are influenced by western brands and have a fondness for them. They are open to new products and tastes and hence Japan is a vi fitting market to test new products. New concepts can be concocted and brought out in the market at a faster pace, when compared to US or Europe. Thus those products that phone number out to be popular and gain acceptance in the J apanese market can be interposed in the US market with positive expectations. For example, the Green Tea Frappuccino which was first introduced in Japan turned out to be a sensation and was thus launched in the coupled States too. (http//www.qsrmagazine.com/ names/news/story.phtml?id=4589). Thus, the flexible tastes of Japanese consumers give Starbucks an opportunity to develop new products and gain profits.Instant productsStarbucks recently launched its first premium soluble coffee tie up product in Japan. About 60% of the total coffee sold in Japan is soluble. Hence Starbucks can capitalise on this aspect of Japans coffee market to enhance its sales done a variety of soluble ready to necessitate coffee products. (http//news.starbucks.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=416)Diversifying its beveragesStarbucks is looking to sell regional wine and beer at its outlets in Seattle. It could introduce this concept in some of the Japanese stores as consuming western alcoholic brands i s a trend among the Japanese clientele. (http//www.thestreet.com/story/10891284/starbucks-tests-alcohol-cheese-offerings.html . egress opportunitiesThough the overall market in Japan is nearing saturation, and Starbucks overexpansion in big cities has given it a lesser change at a steep growth, it could appease expand to the less-saturated regions allowing it to exceed its growth potential.1.4 curses1.4.1 CannibalisationStarbucks extravagant growth and over expansion involves a risk of customer fatigue. Starbucks has introduced an array of new products and an increased product design lowers the sale of current products. Also with many stores opened close to one other, there is a risk of some stores facing loss. Thus, cannibalisation is a major picayune terror as the coffee chain is grasp saturation in most of the big cities.1.4.2 Dependency on raw materialsThe fluctuations in coffee and dairy prices are a potential threat for Starbucks. Starbucks is reliant on dairy and a rise in prices of the raw material could affect its profit margins. (Wikinvest, 2008).1.4.3 Cultural differencesIn USA, about 80% of Starbucks sales are takeout orders. In Japan 80% of consumers prefer to drink in the store outlets. Thus consumers preference to use the store automated teller might turn out to be a threat to Starbucks plans of building a number of drive through outlets in Japan. (Chozick,2006).1.4.4 shrivel Disposable in cuts.1.4.5 contest Immediate competition from fast-food restaurants catching on the specialty coffee wave and developing products that competes with Starbucks. Tim Hortons -Nestle Dunkin Donuts McDonaldsPESTLE ANALYSISPolitical FactorsDespite being far apart geographically, Japan USA have similar political structures. The Emperor is the head of the state, but the real power resides in the parliament and is primarily held by the Prime Minister.( firm of Councillors, 2008). In USA, different states have the power to regulate businesses whereas in Japa n, regulations are laid down by the Diet and apply throughout the country. This indicates that there are less complicated and less conflicting regulations to be concerned about when International businesses seek entry into the Japanese market. ( House of councillors, The constitution of Japan, as promulgated on November 3, 1946). (http//www.sangiin.go.jp/eng/law/index.htm)Economic FactorsMeasured on a purchasing power parity basis, Japan is the 3rd largest prudence in the world. But going by the official exchange rates, Japan would emerge as the 2nd largest economy, behind USA. Japan had a spectacular efficient growth in the 1980s, however, growth slowed down considerably in the 1990s. Japan entered into recession in 2008, with 2009 marking a return to near 0% busy rates( CIA, as accessed on 24th oct,2010) with its GDP rising to 5.3%, when compared to 1.2% in 2008.Socio-culturalIndividuals from varied backgrounds are exposed to different usances, rituals, customs and religions. All these factors provide human beings with confused learning environments, which cause significant variations in standards, behaviour, attitudes and beliefs (David,1998). A comparison of the subsidiary parent countries is important for the success of a business seeking to expand in the foreign market, as this would lead to a remediate understanding of the local market. The Japanese as opposed to the Americans act much collectively and tend to be loyal to their respective groups. The Japanese often sacrifice their personal goals and ambitions to promote group interests.A low context society in USA shows that Americans are more direct in their communications and their messages are explicit. Whereas the Japanese use indirect ways to communicate and their voice intonation, timing and expressions play important roles in conveying information. (David, 1998)TechnologicalTechnological factors greatly influence business strategies as they provide an opportunity to exploit innovations a nd inventions. Japan is one of the most technologically advanced countries in the world and ranks 18th on the list.(http//gpmgroup.info/2007/04/27/the-most-technologically-advanced-countries). Thus it is more convenient to introduce technologically driven customer service into the Japanese market. There is scope for incorporating the American system of internet ordering in to Japan with the intension of faster service. Starbucks is continuously searching for ways to better a customers experience. With the instauration of the Starbucks Card for example, the Company has created the opportunity to improve customer service, shorten lines and make a customers visit at Starbucks quicker and more convenient. Also, most stores are equipped with WI-FI.LegalThere are no significant legal factors to consider while entering the Japanese market. Though, Starbucks has chosen to enter through a vocalize venture with SAZABY Inc., a Japanese retailer and restaurateur, because of the peculiaritie s of the local market. By doing so, Starbucks has given itself a better chance of exploiting the market as SAZABY would have a better understanding of how the Japanese consumers viewed food and coffee.(http//www.docshare.com/doc/155323/Starbucks-global-expansion-strategy2)Porters Five ForcesCompetitionTullys Coffee, Gloria Jeans, Caribou Coffee etc.Competitors selling similar products, incl. specialty coffees high quality food.Competition nowhere in terms of volume of operations.Threat of new entrantsControlled access of distribution conveyInnovation product differentiationBargaining power of buyers more than options due to no. of competitors.Large variety of products.Bargaining power of suppliersOvercrowding of market.Rise in prices of coffee beans.Choose suppliers establish on quality, social, environmental economic issuesThreat from substitutesTeaSoft drinksJuicesMarketing Strategy to Enhance Profitability in the next 2 yearsSegmentationSegmentation is dividing the consumer m arket into distinct groups based on each individual groups wants, needs, preferences and behaviour.Starbucks is a company that embraces diversity, not limiting themselves to one specific demographic, behavioral, or geographic plane section. Individuals appreciate how, regardless of any littler difference, at Starbucks they are always treated as equals. (starbucks.com)Taking the demographic factor as the desired basis for segmentationGenderSixty percentage of Starbucks Japan market are woman customers in their 20s and 30s. (http//community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20020819slug=starbucks19). Hence Starbucks should further penetrate the market by retaining the woman customer base and increasing its appeal amongst them by providing incentives in terms of products, ambience and experience.AgeMost of Starbucks customers are educated, working personnel who can afford the high prices of the products offered. Starbucks has a limited consumer base with females in the age gro up of 25-39 forming their major share of consumers.(http//www.euromonitor.com/Japan_a_nation_of_coffee_lovers). It should reach out to the younger and much older groups by introducing a line of nutritional beverages.Education IncomeStarbucks genius was to redefine the meaning of affordability regarding coffee. Target consumers were identified with regards to their living environment, level of income and education. They were convinced to pay premium prices for the experience, service and quality they were getting. The company was able to amaze the changing consumer behaviour since the 1980s more out-of-home entertainment, more self- gratification from consumers towards a good movie, a good glass of wine and a good cup of coffee. By raising the perceived value of the product for the consumer, Starbucks was able to raise its prices while keeping the product affordable. Creating brand loyalty through quality and innovation was also an important factor in decreasing the price elasticit y of this commodity product. Thus, Starbucks should maintain this strategy and look less towards price reduction and more towards quality enhancement, a characteristic that has helped it build its brand.TargetingStarbucks should practice differentiated targeting as it should try and capture a more wider section of the society. As it has identified the female gender to be its major consumers, Starbucks should retain this market and further expand it by targeting the woman clientele and coming out with more products that appeal to them.Also in order that it recieves a larger share of the male consumers, it should try and blend with the Japanese culture and accept their preference for take in some stores.Starbucks has already established its image amongst the educated and high income society. But, it should go one step further by seperately targeting the younger generation who are bound to follow in the footsteps of their peers and elders. In order that it recieves more number of teen agers, it should try and develop an atmosphere within its stores in terms of products and store experience that would appeal to the teens.Product PositioningStarbucks is listening to the needs of the educated by devoting its business and research to developing ways to cater to this groups wants and needs. In addition to further building on its product quality and in-store customer experience, Starbucks should make itself more accessible to a wide variety of people by opening some(prenominal) quick stop services that would cater to the new generation of coffee drinkers because college-age students and the general population are always in a rush with little time to spare. The quick stop services and kiosks will make the process of buying coffee easier by eliminating long lines and creating alternative ways to buy coffee faster and will avoid the prospect of impatient customers. Starbucks should position itself as a brand not reserved only for the premium, high income society, but as a quality store that reflects on the needs and wants of all. As most Japanese are health conscious, it should try and build an image which does not reprove the teens and older people from visiting its stores. By bringing out more food items that match the Japanese palate, it should position its brand image as An American taste induced with Japanese flavors.Using the Marketing Mix to assist the chosen growth strategy1. ProductDiversify the product lineThe tradition of tea drinking in Japan has been prevalent from the early beginning. There are many varieties of tea, and some of them, especially Green tea can be bought anywhere. Tea has proved to be a popular drink for most Japanese because of its wide variety of tastes. Thus, by introducing a few select varieties of tea in its store outlets, it would touch at the roots of the consumers. It would directly be percieved as a renowned American brand that cares to accomodate the Japanese tastes. (http//azjatycka.wordpress.com/2009/11/05/ international-marketing-strategy-of-starbucks-in-japan-success-or-a-failure/).The presence of soya in Japanese dishes is indispensable. Its not only widely accepted as the staple ingredient in Japanese dishes,be it rice, curd or soup, but also has great nutritional value. It finds its place in Japanese breakfast, lunch and dinner. It contains a chemical, soy isoflavones, which when accumulated in the body, functions like the female sex hormone(estrogen), which in turn promotes bone formation. Hence it is considered useful for post-menopausal women whose estrogen levels are low. Also soy isoflavones has been found to reduce the risk of breast cancer by 40%.( http//www.mindfully.org/GE/2003/Kikkoman-Non-GM-Soy22jun03.htm). Since Starbucks has found its presence to be more popular among woman, it will only increase its appeal to them by introducing a variety of beverages and food items that contain soybean in its diet. It should also bring about innovations in its product line, making them more nutritious to consume, thus forwarding its appeal to the health conscious society. discover a line of health drinks, fruit juices that would attract teenagers who percieve Starbucks as a high end store selling speciality coffee. The presence of flavored non-caffeine drinks would help capture the teen market.2. PlaceDiversify its storesMany critics had expected Starbucks to fail because of its strict no-smoking policy within its stores. The general Japanese customer prefers to smoke with food and drinks. But this strategy attracted many young health concious women who then accounted for Starbucks majority sales.(http//community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20020819slug=starbucks19). Although starbucks has so far managed to sustain its growth, competitors with a tolerance to smoking are providing good reason for its drop in sales in recent years. Hence,in order to attract a more varied clientele and improve profitability, Starbucks should make an exception in the case of Japan and introduce some stores that accept smoking adapt to its culture. They could good-tempered stick to their rationality behind no-smoking environment to write the aromas flavors of the coffee beans(Starbucks website) by not allowing in-store smoking. Certain stores with a wider space facility could bring in open-air seating arrangements. This way, those who wish to smoke can take a seat outside and enjoy a starbuck coffee. Another way would be to introduce balconies in some stores that have 2 or 3 storeys.Build on its in-store experienceStarbucks should build more in its store atmosphere rather focus on building drive-through outlets. In Japan 80% of the coffee consumers like to drink inside the store, while relishing the ambience.(chozick,2006). Although starbucks has an untarnished brand image, it should further build on its superior quality of store atmosphere in order to remain competitive and keep up sales. The hygiene of the stores, book readings, baby changi ng stations, sleek furniture and posh interiors are the key to its ability to provide a quality customer experience. Given that the majority of its customers are women and the Japanese love for the English language, it should transform certain sections of the store to accomodate a reading section that would comprise more of women oriented magazines and books that teach english.Choose a larger number of distribution unitsStarbucks should improvise on its plan to introduce its present moment coffee-starbucks VIA across convenience stores in Japan. It had announced the launch of its newsbreak products in 11000 convenience and grocery stores in september. (http//www.finchannel.com/Main_News/Business/70201_Starbucks_VIA_Ready_Brew_Hits_Grocery_Aisles_Around_the_World/). By doing so, it has exposed its brand to the worlds largest instant coffee market. (http//www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE63C1NG20100413). Now the availabity of starbucks instant products is not limited only to its retai l outlets. However, the presence of its competitors( Nestle and Kraft) in the instant coffee segment is more widespread and well established. Thus, it should try to capitalise on Japans $5 billion instant coffee market by providing its instant products to more number of distribution units and seal its presence.3. PricePrices of instant productsStarbucks should consider reducing the price of its instant products to enable higher sales. Starbucks is to sell a box of 3 VIA instant soluble sticks for 300 yen, which amounts to 100 yen per cup, and a box of 12 sticks for 1000 yen. When compared, its competitor Nescafe has a rival offering of 15 sticks for 300 yen. (http//www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE63C1NG20100413?pageNumber=2). Thus, there exists a wide price gap for its instant products and since Starbucks VIA will be occupying the same shelf space as Nescafe, Kraft etc., it would find it trying to gain acceptance in the market. A customer would go up to the racks and find the rival offerings more viable. Hence, Starbucks should look to cut down its prices on instant products. It can afford to do so without the risk of diluting the brand image built on high end coffee, as the instant coffee would come without the experience of physically being in the store.Prices of in-store productsStarbucks prices of in-store products are higher when compared to its competitors. It is looking to further raise the prices of some 20 beverages and 5 coffee bean products. (http//www.japantoday.com/ family line/business/view/starbucks-japan-to-raise-coffee-prices). It should retain this pricing strategy as it differentiates itself from its competitors by providing an excellent quality customer experience. Also most of its outlets are located on expensive pieces of real estate in centralized, busy areas of Japan.4. PromotionCultural Entertainment campaignsStarbucks should come out with various cultural and entertainment campaigns to attract the Japanese youth, a segment of the soc iety it has still not managed to woo successfully.ConclusionStarbucks is ahead of the rest in the Japanese coffee market, but there is still room for improvement. A decentralised structure accompanied with a mixed global strategy has helped the company to find a balance between reaching economies of scales and responding to the local market. By establishing a joint venture with local retail chain Sazaby Inc., it has reduced their risks of being unfamiliar with the market and Starbucks has successfully gained the knowledge and channels of distribution from its partner. Starbucks strong brand image and customer loyalty has contributed to their maintaining a leading position in this market. By diversifying its target consumers and innovating its product line, it should be able to further strengthen its market share.

Defining Np Scope Of Practice Nursing Essay

Defining Np Scope Of Practice Nursing EssayThis skipper research was conducted in a large teaching hospital in the North West of England that examined ward-based mod Nurse Practitioners (ANPs) and aimed to clarify their component parts and expectations in tolerant aid and how they impact the clinical practice.Study participants (which consist of five ANPs, 14 ward-based nurses, and five patients) were observed and invited to participate in interviews. The roles and skills of ANPs were observed and gathered from the interviews. ANPs were described as pivotal in the management of patient c ar and served as an invaluable link between the medical and nursing team. They frequently translated medical teaching for nurses, patients and other allied health care professional to make sure that the plan of care was well understood and erect further explanations if necessary. ANPs were observed to be confident practitioners, good information resource and by using their technical knowled ge and skills served as a role model to support the nurses and junior doctors to enable them to be more economic in providing care. In addition, ANPs were found to be less intimidating than doctors and more approachable in resolving care issues. Meanwhile, ANPs were faced with a number of challenges and brook to overcome skepticism from other health professionals who have different views on the ANP role expectation and scope of practice. ANPs perceived that their commandment had not adequately inclined(p) them for their clinical role.ANPs have great impact in nursing practice and patient care. Although the study strives to clarify the role of the ANPs, the findings regarding the role of ANPs are not understandably defined and lack consistency that may lead to role conflict and overload.Running Head How are acute care nurse practitioners enacting their roles in healthcare teams? A descriptive multiple-case studyThis multiple-case study conducted in two-university affiliated teach ings hospitals in Quebec, Canada aimed to understand how cardiology acute Care nurse practitioners (ACNPs) enacted their roles in healthcare teams. Data were serene from interviews, field notes, documents and time and motion study of NP activities. The work activity pace was faster before noon due to patient care demands. Participants in one hospital believed that NP role was not an integrated role of medical and nursing components but an grow role be driving force they assumed more expanded nursing role components than the medical role. In addition, NPs needed to consult with physicians for patient care decision making that were within their scope of practice. They did not have that more authority in regards to decision making due to lack of structures to formalize the organizational role. There were also inconsistent messages about the role expectations to attempt to formalize the prescriptive authority of NPs which had not been approved by the medical advisory board. On the o ther hand, participants in the other hospital believed that NPs enacted their role more in the medical component since the medical directives and prescriptive privileges had been approved by the medical advisory board. NPs had greater autonomy in their role and prescriptive authority. It was also famous that NPs participated very little in nursing activities such as implementing nursing care plans or intake of clinical care pathways. In both hospitals, the largest role component was the clinical role.The transfer of prescriptive and decision-making authority must be addressed to enable NPs to work their full scope of role to optimize patient outcomes. Clarifying role structures were expected to enable the NPs enact their role in healthcare team and prevent role confusion.Running Head Defining NP scope of practice and associated regulations Focus on acute careThis review of literature was conducted to define the NP scope of practice (SOP) with emphasis on NPs in acute care setting. Documents were gathered from different resources including National Council of State Board of Nursing (NCSBN), individual state board of nursing, and NP scope and standards of practice. According to federation of State Medical Boards (2005) and NCSBN (2009), SOP is a set of rules, regulations and boundaries within which a fully qualified NP may practice. It defines what activities a profession after part undertake. Both practice acts (state regulatory board form of statutes approved by legislators) and its rules and regulations define NP SOP and require approval from legislators to become law. The Consensus Model for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRN) Regulation was developed to resolve different issues concerning inconsistent APRN tuition and licensure requirement across jurisdiction and issues in certification. It helps standardize regulations for APRNs. Professional regulators are functional together in implementing a consistent SOP for NPs in all jurisdictions. Acco rding to American Academy of Nurse Practitioners (AANP), NPs are licensed independent practitioners that provide nursing and medical services emphasizing on health promotion and disease prevention. In addition, NPs have a collaborative practice agreement with the physicians.However, regulations are different from state to state NP SOP are not clearly defined and further clarifications are needed especially as it pertains to NPs operative in acute care to ensure that NPs are practicing according to their education, training and competency as evidenced by the certifications they hold.Running Head NURSE-DIRECTED INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE CATHETER-ASSOCIATED urinary TRACT INFECTIONThis research focuses on the evidence-based practice guidelines conducted at the University of Colorado Hospital as a quality improvement project to initiate a nursing-driven approach to reduce the incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infection and improve patient outcomes.A catheter-associated urinar y tract infection (CAUTI) is the most common cause of healthcare-associated infection. It is a major health concern leading to prolonged hospital stay and increased healthcare cost. Evidence-based use of indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) must be enforced to reduce the prevalence of CAUTI.In this project, an intervention design was implemented to evaluate the nurse-driven intervention incorporating evidence-based guidelines. The goal is to decrease the prevalence CAUTI by emphasizing health education on specific unit-based nursing practice. Improving the nursing care by educating the nurses regarding insertion, management and early removal of IUC to ensure the best practice and expanding this education to ancillary services (eg. rehabilitation and transport staffs) were found to positively impact the CAUTI rates. Focused unit interventions such as providing education on postoperative catheterization, use of bladder scanner to check for urinary retention to minimize IUC reinsertion, a nd encouraging early removal of the urinary catheter were found to decrease the catheter days and prevent infection. Providing education by infusing the best evidence into current practice are important interventions to raise awareness. Incorporating evidence-based guidelines and strategies by focusing of nursing-driven interventions can improve patient outcomes.

Terrorism :: Terrorist

Terrorism The Good, the Bad, the Terrorist? Terrorism by nature is difficult to define. Acts of terrorism conjure emotional responses in the victims as well as in the practitioners. No two writers agree on what is terrorism. Even the U.S. government cannot agree on one single definition. The old adage, One mans terrorist is another mans freedom fighter is still alive and well today (Terrorism Research Center Definitions 1). Although umpteen people believe that terrorism is evil, it is merely misunderstood because there is no set definition. Terrorists are responsible to most of the freedom movements in every country. Terrorists turn out used violence to get their point across to the public. These acts are often necessary for the success of the movement or cause. The use of th is violence can be justified in several ways. You cant make an omelet without breaking some eggs has been used by terrorist to describe their actions.

Hedda Gabler :: essays research papers fc

Hedda Gablers personality type is of a different character than Nora Helmers. She expresses herself wickedly, for her aver enjoyment not fondness of other peoples feelings. Hedda has feelings of confinement and frustration, with her life, and directs her bottled up energy at people with an ill temperament. "Life becomes for Hedda a ridiculous affair that isnt expenditure seeing to the end. Life isnt tragicallife is ridiculousand thats what I cant bear" (Henrik Ibsens Notes). Hedda doesnt want to know and face the reality that shes pregnant. For her, this would mean she is permanently trapped in her life, with no chance of escaping. Hedda finish up married to her husband George Tesman, because of a lie that she t obsolete to him about liking a house that he was writing about, to base him feel better. From there she was trapped, because he was the only man to ask for her hand, and was stuck in a loveless relationship. Whereas Nora married Torvald, because she fell in love with him when they were younger.     Hedda is living in an apollonian society, but has a enceinte dionysian side to her personality. She wants Eilert Loveborg to come back with vine leaves in his hair, and fantasizes of romantic deaths.     HEDDA. What do you intend to do?LOVEBORG. Nothing Just cat an end to it all. The so unmatchabler the better.HEDDA (coming a step closer). Eilet Loveborg - listen to me. Couldnt you           arrange that - that its done beautifully?LOVEBORG. Beautifully? (Smiles.) With vine leaves in my hair, as you used to                dream in the old days- (Hedda 287)Hedda supplies Eilert with the pistol to kill himself with, so he would make her fantasy of a romantic tragedy come true. When it doesnt, and turns into a mess where she will be the one blamed, Hedda is pushed over the edge, and losses acquit control. Sh e can no longer handle her confined, impulsive feelings, and makes her death become the reality she craves.TESMAN (shrieking to Brack). Shot herself Shot herself in the temple Can you      imagineBRACK (in the armchair, prostrated). But, swell God People dont do such thingsHenrik Ibsen created these two characters as an expression of life. Nora acted like a wife was expected to, make a happy denture that was dependent on the head male. When she left her husband and family, it was something that was appalling and that women just didnt do.Hedda Gabler essays research papers fc Hedda Gablers personality type is of a different character than Nora Helmers. She expresses herself wickedly, for her own enjoyment not caring of other peoples feelings. Hedda has feelings of confinement and frustration, with her life, and directs her bottled up energy at people with an ill temperament. "Life becomes for Hedda a ridiculous affair that isnt worth seeing to the end. Life isnt tragiclife is ridiculousand thats what I cant bear" (Henrik Ibsens Notes). Hedda doesnt want to know and face the reality that shes pregnant. For her, this would mean she is permanently trapped in her life, with no chance of escaping. Hedda ended up married to her husband George Tesman, because of a lie that she told to him about liking a house that he was writing about, to make him feel better. From there she was trapped, because he was the only man to ask for her hand, and was stuck in a loveless relationship. Whereas Nora married Torvald, because she fell in love with him when they were younger.     Hedda is living in an apollonian society, but has a great dionysian side to her personality. She wants Eilert Loveborg to come back with vine leaves in his hair, and fantasizes of romantic deaths.     HEDDA. What do you intend to do?LOVEBORG. Nothing Just put an end to it all. The sooner the better.HEDDA (coming a step closer). Ei let Loveborg - listen to me. Couldnt you           arrange that - that its done beautifully?LOVEBORG. Beautifully? (Smiles.) With vine leaves in my hair, as you used to                dream in the old days- (Hedda 287)Hedda supplies Eilert with the pistol to kill himself with, so he would make her fantasy of a romantic tragedy come true. When it doesnt, and turns into a mess where she will be the one blamed, Hedda is pushed over the edge, and losses complete control. She can no longer handle her confined, impulsive feelings, and makes her death become the reality she craves.TESMAN (shrieking to Brack). Shot herself Shot herself in the temple Can you      imagineBRACK (in the armchair, prostrated). But, good God People dont do such thingsHenrik Ibsen created these two characters as an expression of life. Nora acted like a wife was expected to, making a happy home th at was dependent on the head male. When she left her husband and family, it was something that was appalling and that women just didnt do.